Laser Treatment for Piles - Surgery, Operation and Side Effects

The methodology is classified as a surgical method that uses a laser beam to cure haemorrhoids. A specialised device emits intense light energy to shrink or eliminate the affected tissue. This high-intensity light causes the tissue to vaporise or coagulate, reducing size.

Piles laser treatment is usually outpatient (patients are generally discharged within 24 hours or the same day), with local or general anaesthesia. The device's precision targets only the affected tissue, minimising harm to healthy tissue.

Anatomy of Anus

To understand laser piles surgery, it is essential to know the anatomy of the anus. Information regarding the anus helps in gaining knowledge about the positioning of haemorrhoids.

The basic anatomical structure of the anorectal region includes-

1. Rectum: The last section of the colon serves as a temporary storage for stool before it is expelled. This section is connected to the sigmoid colon and stretches to the anal canal.

2. Anal Canal: The end of the rectum, which serves as a brief pathway that terminates at the anus, is called the anal canal. It measures approximately 3-4 cm long and is encompassed by muscles responsible for regulating bowel movements and ensuring faecal control.

3. Haemorrhoidal Tissue: Clusters of blood vessels can be found in the anal canal; this vascular system is called piles cushions (haemorrhoidal tissues). This vascular system plays a role in both maintaining fecal incontinence and assisting in the regulation of gas release.

4. Anus: This is where waste material is stored in the body. It consists of two muscular rings - the internal anal sphincter, which operates involuntarily, and the external anal sphincter, which serves voluntarily. These muscles help maintain anal tone and control bowel movements.

5. Perianal Skin: The anal region is encompassed by the skin. This area is prone to itching, rashes, and infections.

For haemorrhoids patients, laser piles treatment eliminates the haemorrhoidal tissue or interrupts the blood vessels, causing overall discomfort.

The proctologist will determine the appropriate treatment for haemorrhoids and prolapsed haemorrhoids based on the severity of the condition. The treatment selection criteria include aspects like:

1. Persistent Symptoms: Patients with persistent and severe piles symptoms may be advised to undergo laser treatment. This procedure targets the haemorrhoidal tissue to provide relief.

2. Recurrent Haemorrhoids: Laser haemorrhoidectomy is an effective treatment option for individuals with recurrent symptoms such as discomfort, bleeding, and anal-rectum pain. It can help prevent future recurrences.

3. Severe Haemorrhoids: For individuals with grade II-IV piles that significantly affect their quality of life, laser surgery is an appropriate treatment option. This includes large, internal, external or prolapsed haemorrhoids.

4. Resistance to Usual Methods: If conservative treatments (home remedies and medications) have not relieved the haemorrhoids symptoms, Laser Haemorrhoidectomy is recommended for a more effective and long-lasting solution.

Piles Conditions Treated with Laser Surgery

Laser surgery is a less-invasive outpatient procedure that uses a fine energy beam to remove the tissue from the surrounding area. The treatment is considered an ideal solution for piles grade II-IV. The characteristics of such haemorrhoidal conditions are-

1. Grade II: The piles may protrude or exit the anus during bowel movements but will return to their initial position.

2. Grade III: The piles prolapse during bowel movements and require manual pushing back afterwards.

3. Grade IV: In this case, the piles will consistently be prolapsed and cannot be manually retracted. Grade IV piles keep protruding out of the anus and cause excessive discomfort to the patient.

Apart from the treatment of haemorrhoids based on the grade of severity. Laser Haemorrhoidectomy can also treat various types of piles based on their location.

1. External Piles: Small protrusions that develop beneath the skin surrounding the anal area. They cause intense itching and discomfort. Typically, bleeding accompanies this condition.

2. Internal Piles: The lumps form inside the rectum and are typically not detectable through an external examination. Some bleeding may be observed during bowel movements, but they rarely result in pain or discomfort.

3. Prolapsed Piles: Prolapse is a condition where internal and external piles stretch and bulge outside the anus. This can result in bleeding or intense pain.

4. Thrombosed Piles: Haemorrhoidal thrombosis occurs when a blood clot forms in the anal veins. It typically appears as a firm swelling on the anus, causing discomfort when touched or sitting.

Laser surgery is popular for piles treatment due to its multiple benefits. It is a reliable and preferred medical procedure.

Some of the prominent advantages of piles laser treatment include:

1. Minimally Invasive: Piles laser treatment is the least intrusive procedure that uses a laser to remove affected tissue. It offers smaller incisions, less bleeding, and quicker healing than open surgery.

2. Reduced Pain: Using laser energy to seal blood vessels during the procedure reduces postoperative pain and swelling. This results in a quicker recovery, allowing patients to resume normal activities sooner.

3. Improved Accuracy: Utilising a specialised energy beam in surgery enables surgeons to target and remove affected tissue with precision. This leads to more effective treatment and better patient outcomes. It also minimises complications.

4. Faster Recovery Time: The technique offers quicker recovery times than traditional methods. Patients spend less time in the hospital and can return to daily activities within 1-2 weeks (depending on the patient's condition).

5. Minimal Scarring: Laser piles treatment leaves minimal scarring since it involves small incisions. This is especially beneficial for individuals who are concerned about cosmetic outcomes.

6. Reduced Risks: This medical procedure has lower complication risks than traditional methods. The precise laser treatment targets the affected area, reducing damage to surrounding tissues and minimising infection risk.

7. Outpatient Procedure: Laser haemorrhoidectomy is often done on an outpatient basis, allowing patients to go home the same day. This saves time and money for patients.

8. Customisable Treatment: The surgery is customisable, with doctors adjusting the laser intensity and wavelength to each patient's needs. This personalised approach leads to better outcomes.

Laser pile surgery is a minimally invasive procedure that takes approximately 20 to 30 minutes, usually depending on the patient's age, other medical conditions, and the severity of the disease.

The laser beam destroys the swollen haemorrhoids, causing pain and bleeding. The procedure is also usually performed under anaesthesia to keep the patient comfortable. The following steps are taken during the process:

1. Anaesthesia Administration: Before the surgery, the surgeon will give the patient general or local anaesthesia. It will numb the anal area and keep the patient awake during the operation.

2. Patient Positioning: The patient will be asked to lie in a lithotomy position, which means lying on their back with their knees bent and legs supported. This position helps the surgeon access the anal area more easily.

3. Proctoscopy: The surgeon will gently insert a tube called a proctoscope into the anus. This tube has a special probe that helps locate the blood vessels supplying the haemorrhoids.

4. Laser Emission: Once the artery is found, the surgeon will insert a laser fibre into the anus through the same tube. Laser shots will be applied to destroy these arteries.

5. Haemorrhoids Shrinkage: Laser energy cuts off the blood supply to shrink the condition. This process typically takes about six weeks, reducing them to 60-80% of their original size.

Patients must undergo a thorough evaluation before the laser piles operation procedure to determine eligibility for the process. However, the following can be expected before and even on the day of the procedure.

Before the Surgery

Patients must undergo preparations and assessments to ensure a smooth and successful procedure. A thorough evaluation is crucial to determine surgery eligibility.

The clinical procedure before a laser surgery includes-

1. Pre-operative Assessment: The proctologist will conduct blood tests and physical examinations to assess the patient's overall condition and suitability for surgery.

2. Proctoscopy: Healthcare professionals will examine the inside of the anal region using a proctoscope and feel the haemorrhoids with a lubricated finger.

3. Anaesthesia Selection: The doctor will ensure that the patient meets the anaesthetist to assess their fitness for surgery and ensure their safety during the procedure.

4. Medication Risks Analysis: Consult the proctologist about any medications that may interfere with the procedure. If prescribed, take them with a small amount of water.

5. Fasting: Patients should fast 6-8 hours before surgery to prevent anaesthesia-related complications.

On the Day of Surgery

Patients should follow specific instructions on the day of the laser piles surgery to ensure a smooth and successful procedure. Here are what a patient can expect on the day of the surgery:

1. Patient Arrival and Consent: The timely arrival of the patients to the healthcare facility is an essential aspect on the day of surgery. They will sign a consent form in the presence of their family to indicate agreement to the procedure.

2. Surgical Preparation: Patients will receive hospital gowns or shorts for safety and healthcare provider access during procedures.

3. Physical Evaluation: During the process, medical staff will closely monitor vital signs like heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen levels.

4. Enema Administration: The proctologist or medical team may give the patient an enema two hours before surgery. This involves injecting a liquid into the large intestine to remove trapped stool.

Following the completion of laser piles surgery, patients should expect some symptoms and discomfort. To promote smooth and quick rehabilitation, patients should be informed about expectations, hospital recovery, and home recovery.

What to expect after laser haemorrhoidectomy?

After laser haemorrhoidectomy, patients often worry about the post-operative phase. The recovery period for piles laser surgery is usually 2-4 weeks. Common symptoms after the surgery include:

1. Pain: Patients might experience ache, which is normal during the healing process post laser surgery. Pain medication prescribed by the doctor should be taken as instructed to ensure proper pain relief.

2. Itching: After surgery, itchiness and discomfort in the anal area are common. To manage this, gently clean the area, avoid scratching, and use doctor-recommended ointments or creams.

3. Bleeding: Some patients may experience minor bleeding during bowel movements after the surgery. This is normal and should resolve on its own within 2-4 weeks depending on the patient.

4. Faecal Incontinence: After laser treatment, patients may experience faecal incontinence Staying hydrated and having a fibre-rich diet can help regulate bowel movements.

 In-Hospital Recovery

After the surgical treatment, every hospital follows a set of protocols which focus on the recovery of the patients. The immediate recovery procedure after surgery in hospital lasts till the patient's discharge.

Aspects considered for in-hospital recovery are:

1. Anaesthesia Wear off: After laser piles surgery, patients experience sedative effects till 4-6 hours. Healthcare professionals monitor vital signs and ensure prevention of spinal headaches. Patients might feel nauseous or disoriented, but this fades as the anaesthesia wears off.

2. Symptoms Analysis: After laser haemorrhoids surgery, pain medications will be prescribed to alleviate ache. Bleeding and discomfort are common and usually subside within 2 weeks. If symptoms persist or become unbearable, please inform your doctor.

3. Discharge: The patient can be released following a post-operative examination and effective gas and urine passage. Wear loose-fitting clothes and have someone available to drive them home for comfort and support.

At-Home Recovery

After piles laser treatment, patients should familiarise themselves with the at-home recovery process. This ensures proper post-surgery improvement. The piles laser surgery recovery time is typically 2-4 weeks.

Some prominent strategies included in recovery after hospital discharge are-

1. Stool Softeners: Prescribed laxatives like Isabgol husk and Triphala can ease pain during bowel movements. Follow the instructions for the best results. They help facilitate the easier passage of stools.

2. Diet: Patients are encouraged to gradually increase their fibre intake through fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Initially, consumption of bland food like plain rice, bananas, and crackers is advised. They should also drink plenty of water every day.

3. Hygiene: Clean the affected area gently with mild soap and water, then pat dry. Avoid harsh chemicals or vigorous wiping to prevent irritation. These measures promote wound hygiene and healing.

4. Sitz Bath: Fill a shallow tub with warm water and sit in it for 10 to 15 minutes, two to three times daily. Sitz Bath reduces swelling and soothes discomfort.

5. Kegel Exercises: It improves blood circulation and strengthen pelvic muscles. Kegel Exercises involve contracting and relaxing the muscles used for urination control, providing relief from discomfort and speeding up healing.

First Follow-up

The patient will be scheduled for a follow-up appointment within 7 to 14 days after the surgery. This appointment is to check the healing process.

1. Surgical-Site Assessment: The doctor will evaluate the healing progress during the follow-up appointment. They will gently examine the wound site for swelling caused by excess fluid retention.

2. Complication Evaluation: The proctologist will assess for complications after the laser treatment, including infection, excessive bleeding, or adverse reactions to prescribed medication.

3. Pain Medication: In the follow-up appointment, patients should inform their doctor of any discomfort or pain. The proctologist can adjust medication or recommend pain management techniques accordingly.

Pile laser treatment is generally considered safe and effective. However, like any medical procedure, there are potential risks and complications that patients should be aware of.

Some of the common side-effects of laser surgery are:

1. Pain: Patients might experience discomfort or pain after piles laser treatment. The doctor can prescribe pain medication or recommend other pain management techniques to help alleviate these symptoms.

2. Bleeding: The treatment might cause minor bleeding during and after the procedure, but it should subside within 2-4 weeks. If an individual has persistent or excessive bleeding, contact a doctor.

3. Infection: While the risk of infection is low with this minimally intrusive technique, there is still a small possibility. It is crucial to keep the wound site clean.

4. Bruising and Swelling: It might cause bruising, swelling, redness, and discomfort in the treated area. These side effects often subside within two weeks.

5. Reaction to Medication: Some patients may have adverse reactions to pain or other prescribed medications. If a patient experiences any unusual symptoms, it is essential to inform a doctor immediately.

When to see a doctor?

To enhance recovery, it is essential to understand the risks and complications of piles laser treatment. Knowing high-risk complications can further increase patient understanding of the procedure recovery.

The patient must consult the doctor if they are experiencing such complications after piles laser treatment:

1. Excessive Discomfort: Postoperative pain and bleeding are common after surgery and usually subside within 2-4 weeks. However, if the discomfort persists and becomes severe, it is recommended to seek medical advice.

2. Fever: A low-grade fever is common after surgery, but a high fever (above 100 degrees Fahrenheit) could indicate an infection. If the patient has a persistent or high-grade fever, consult a doctor for evaluation.

3. Allergic Reactions: Seek immediate medical attention if a patient experiences allergic reactions to the treatment, including- hives, difficulty breathing, or swelling of the face and throat. Allergic reactions require prompt intervention.

4. Wound Infection: If the patient notices signs of infection like increased redness, swelling, warmth, or pus draining from the wound site, it is best to contact a doctor immediately. Prompt treatment can prevent complications.

5. Bowel Obstruction: In rare cases, piles laser treatment may cause bowel obstruction. If a patient experiences severe abdominal pain, bloating, constipation, inability to pass gas or have a bowel movement, seek immediate medical attention.

6. Recurrence of Symptoms: While the treatment is effective, there is a chance of recurrence. If symptoms return, such as bleeding, itching, or pain in the anal area, consult the doctor for evaluation.

If it is not treated in time, they can become uncomfortable and affect daily activities. Delaying the surgery can cause:

1. Anal Infection: There is a risk of infection if the condition is left untreated for an extended period.

2. Worsened Piles: Internal haemorrhoids can cause discomfort and complications when they prolapse. Prolapsed piles can become trapped in the anal muscles, leading to severe pain.

3. Thrombosis: It is the formation of blood clots around the anus, another possible consequence of delayed treatment.

4. Anal Fissure: In rare cases, worsened piles symptoms can lead to other anorectal damages, such as anal fissure (damage to the anal tissues).

Cost of Piles Laser Surgery

The piles laser treatment cost ranges from ₹ 35,000 to ₹ 1,10,000. The price varies based on the following factors:

1. Consultation Fee: Before undergoing surgery, it is crucial to understand the procedure, risks, and benefits. Consultation with a skilled doctor is highly recommended, although it may increase the overall cost.

2. Surgeon's Fee: Laser haemorrhoidectomy is a specialised procedure that requires an experienced and well-equipped surgeon. The surgeon's expertise and experience can increase the cost of the piles laser operation.

3. Admission Fee: Laser treatment for piles is a daycare procedure requiring hospital admission, which affects the total surgery cost in India.

4. Patient's Age: Piles can affect people of all ages. Older patients may experience more complications during surgery, which can impact the cost of the laser piles operation.

5. Patient's Medical Condition: Patients who are elderly or have a weakened immune system require additional attention, affecting the cost of their laser treatment.

6. Type of Hospital: Hospitals and clinics typically provide the standard procedure of laser piles operation. The overall cost can vary depending on the hospital chosen.

7. Location or City: The cost of laser treatment for piles in India may vary based on the hospital's site. Generally, metro cities have higher prices than smaller and more remote towns.

8. Diagnostic Test Cost: Patients must undergo diagnostic examinations like digital rectal examination, sigmoidoscopy, and colonoscopy before laser surgery. The cost of these tests affects the total expense of pile surgery in India.

9. Post-Surgery Complications: Complications from laser treatment for piles can occur. The cost of treating these complications is included in the overall operation expenses.

Laser treatment for piles is a safe and effective option. It provides pain relief, promotes healing, and prevents recurrence. This minimally invasive procedure offers faster recovery, improved quality of life, and reduced risk of complications.

Choosing an appropriate hospital, doctor, and location can be tiring and confusing. Contact HexaHealth for a consultation on laser haemorrhoidectomy and hassle-free surgery. Our experts offer top-notch medical assistance for your concerns. Join us for a satisfactory treatment experience!

Suggested Reads

• Piles in Men
• Piles in Women
• Stapler Surgery for Piles
• How to Cure First Stage of Piles?

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