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Bariatric Surgery: Types, Side Effects, Before & After Results

Medically Reviewed by
Dr. Aman Priya Khanna
Bariatric Surgery

Treatment Duration

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10 Minutes

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120 Minutes

Treatment Cost

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2,20,000

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6,00,000

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Bariatric Surgery
Medically Reviewed by Dr. Aman Priya Khanna Written by Sparshi Srivastava

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According to Singh et al., 2023, the prevalence of obesity in India has increased from 12.6% to 24% in women and 9.3% to 22.9% in men. This growing obesity trend emphasises the crucial need for effective intervention strategies. Bariatric surgery is ideal for people who fail to shed weight from diet and exercise.

Weight loss surgery includes different surgical methods aimed at helping patients lose weight by altering their digestive tract. Continue reading to know more about these types, procedures, and recovery.

Procedure NameBariatric surgery
Alternative NameWeight loss surgery, metabolic surgery
Conditions TreatedObesity
Benefits of ProcedureSignificant weight loss, improvement in obesity-related conditions
Treated ByGeneral or bariatric surgeon

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What is Bariatric Surgery?

Bariatric surgery meaning is explained as a group of medical procedures that help individuals with severe obesity lose weight. It modifies the digestive system to restrict food intake, reduce the absorption of nutrients, or both. 

This type of surgery may also be a good option for patients with health problems related to obesity, like type 2 diabetes. Significant weight loss can result in improved blood sugar control and, in some cases, remission of the disease. 

Conditions Treated with Bariatric Surgery

Bariatric surgery is an effective weight management option. Moreover, it also improves several obesity-related conditions, including: 

  1. Type 2 Diabetes: Excess fat can lead to insulin resistance. Bariatric surgery can improve blood sugar control

  2. Hypertension (High Blood Pressure): Many patients experience better regulation of blood pressure levels after the procedure, reducing the risk of heart disease.

  3. Heart Disease: By managing diabetes and hypertension, surgery can lower the risk of heart disease and stroke.

  4. Fatty Liver Disease: Weight loss can reduce liver fat, inflammation, and fibrosis. This decreases the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).

  5. Obstructive Sleep Apnea: It is a condition in which breathing stops and restarts during sleep. Weight loss after bariatric surgery can improve this disorder.

Who needs weight loss surgery?

Bariatric surgery offers a significant opportunity for weight loss. However, qualifying for this procedure involves meeting specific medical guidelines. These include:

  1. Body Mass Index (BMI) of 40 or above without comorbidities.
  2. BMI of 35 to 39.9 (obesity) with comorbidities like type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, or severe sleep apnoea.
  3. Long-term commitment to extensive dietary, exercise, and lifestyle changes.

"Over 12 years, I've observed the incredible impact of bariatric surgeries on patients' lives. The ability to address obesity and its related health conditions has been transformative.

Bariatric surgery offers more than just physical transformation; it provides a renewed chance at health and happiness. The commitment to post-surgical care and lifestyle changes is crucial, but the results are truly rewarding."

Dr. Aman Priya Khanna
Bariatric Surgeon


Benefits of Bariatric Surgery

Surgery is the only treatment that has shown long-term efficacy for class III obesity. However, the advantages extend beyond substantial weight loss. The benefits of bariatric surgery include:

  1. Improved cardiovascular health.
  2. Remission of type 2 diabetes.
  3. Relief from depression (that results from physical limitations and societal stigma associated with obesity).
  4. Joint pain relief (carrying excessive weight can place significant stress on weight-bearing joints, leading to chronic pain and joint damage).
  5. Improved fertility during childbearing years (it also reduces the risk of miscarriage).
  6. Sleeapnoea resolution.

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Before and on the Day of Bariatric Surgery

Preparing for bariatric surgery requires a clear understanding of the necessary steps before and on the day of the operation to guarantee its effectiveness. Patients must adhere to their doctor’s guidance.

Before Bariatric Surgery

This preparatory phase ensures that the surgery is suitable for the patient. Before the procedure, individuals must follow a nutritionist-guided diet to reduce abdomen fat and decrease surgery risks. Some other instructions and preparations include the following:

ParametersPre-requisites
Pre-operative Assessment
  1. Complete blood count
  2. Urinalysis
  3. Overall physical and mental health
Risk Evaluation
  1. Allergies
  2. Surgery risks vs benefits
RestrictionsTobacco, drugs, or alcohol
Anaesthesia SelectionGeneral
Fasting6-8 hours before surgery

On the Day of Bariatric Surgery

Understanding the flow of events on the day of bariatric surgery can significantly reduce anxiety and help patients undergo the procedure with confidence. Here’s what one can expect:

ParametersPre-requisites
ConsentMandatory
ClothingLoose-fitting clothes
Physical EvaluationVital check-up (blood pressure, heart rate, breathing, etc.)
IV LineYes

Bariatric Surgery Procedure

There are various types of bariatric surgery, each of which helps in weight loss by altering the structure of the digestive system. The techniques for these types differ. The most common procedures include:

  1. Gastric Bypass (Roux-en-Y): A small pouch is created at the top of the stomach using surgical staples. It is then connected directly to the lower part of the small intestine. After surgery, food bypasses the rest of the stomach and the upper portion of the small intestine. The procedure takes 2 hours to complete.

  2. Sleeve Gastrectomy: The surgeon makes five minor cuts in the abdomen to remove 80% of the stomach. The sleeved-shaped stomach reduces the amount of food eaten at once. Bariatric sleeve surgery takes 1-3 hours.

  3. Adjustable Gastric Banding (Lap-Band): A silicone band is placed around the upper stomach. A port connected to the band allows for adjustment. The port inflates the band, which tightens like a belt to create two smaller sections. This restricts food intake. The complete procedure takes 3-4 hours.

  4. Biliopancreatic Diversion With Duodenal Switch (BPD/DS): It combines both gastric sleeve and gastric bypass. In this procedure, 75% of the small intestine is bypassed. This significantly reduces the absorption of nutrients and calories and limits food intake.

Note: The selection of treatment approach is based on the patient’s condition and the doctor’s opinion.

Alternatives to Bariatric Surgery

Patients can also opt for less invasive alternatives to bariatric surgery. These techniques use an endoscope inserted through the mouth and into the stomach. The following are two common procedures for weight management:

  1. Intragastric Ballooning: It involves placing a silicone balloon inside the stomach to occupy space and promote a feeling of fullness. The balloon is left in place for six months before being removed. It can help lose up to 15% of the patient’s body weight.

  2. Endoscopic Sleeve Gastroplasty: During this procedure, a series of sutures are placed in the stomach to reduce its size by 70%. It helps patients lose up to 20% of their body weight.

Recovery After Bariatric Surgery

After weight loss surgery, recovery and post-operative care are critical to achieving long-term success. The following is what patients can expect during the recovery phase:

In Hospital Recovery

Depending on the type of surgery, patients may be hospitalised for 1 to 3 days. During this time, they are monitored for any complications.

  1. After surgery, the patient is shifted to the recovery room. The nurse monitors their breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure.
  2. Once their condition stabilises, they are moved to a general ward.
  3. The doctor prescribes antibiotics to prevent infections and pain relief medications for discomfort.

At-home Recovery

Patients can return to their normal activities 4 to 6 weeks after discharge. During this time, it is important to follow these instructions:

  1. Diet: Adhering to portion control is vital to avoid regaining weight and to support nutritional health.
    1. For the first two weeks, patients will follow a liquid diet (like thin soup)
    2. During weeks 3 and 4, they will transition to pureed foods like yoghurt.
    3. They can eat soft foods like mashed potatoes during weeks 5 to 8.
    4. A gradual return to a balanced diet can be achieved after week 8.
  2. Hydration: Staying hydrated is crucial to avoid nausea and vomiting. However, it is important to sip small amounts of fluids throughout the day to avoid filling the stomach too quickly. It is recommended that patients drink 1.5 to 2 litres of water every day.
  3. Wound Care: It includes keeping the area clean and dry. Patients should look for signs of infection, such as redness, swelling, or discharge.
  4. Physical Activity: Walking is highly recommended to improve circulation and promote healing. However, patients should avoid strenuous activities and heavy lifting for six weeks after surgery.

Follow-Up Appointment

The first follow-up appointment will be scheduled with the healthcare team two to three weeks after the surgery. After the initial visit, regular check-ups will be scheduled at three, six, nine, and twelve months post-operation. The patient will continue to see their doctor for annual check-ups after the first year.

These visits with the surgical team are vital to monitoring recovery and addressing any concerns or complications that may arise. The doctor may recommend laboratory tests, blood work, and other assessments.

Risks and Complications of Bariatric Surgery

The procedure can offer various benefits for individuals with obesity. However, like any major operation, certain risks and complications can occur. The bariatric surgery side effects can range from short-term issues to long-term challenges.

Short-term Risks

  1. Infection

  2. Blood clots

  3. Bleeding

  4. Adverse reactions to anaesthesia

  5. Breathing problems

Long-term Risks

  1. Malnutrition

  2. Gallstones

  3. Hernias

  4. Bowel obstruction

  5. Dumping syndrome (food passes too quickly from the stomach to the small intestine)

When to consult a doctor?

After bariatric surgery, it is important to know when certain symptoms or changes in the patient’s condition warrant a call to the doctor. Here are situations when reaching out to the healthcare provider is advised:

  1. Fever above 101°F

  2. Increased swelling, redness, or discharge from the surgical incision sites

  3. Shortness of breath or chest pain

  4. Nausea or vomiting for more than 12 hours

  5. Unable to urinate for eight hours

  6. Persistent pain that does not improve with medication

Risks of Delaying Bariatric Surgery

Delaying bariatric surgery can have several risks and implications for individuals struggling with severe obesity. This is especially true when a doctor recommends the procedure for medical reasons. These risks include:

  1. The pain and social stigma associated with obesity can impact mental health. It leads to depression, anxiety, and a reduced quality of life.
  2. Postponing the procedure can increase the severity of conditions such as arthritis and joint pain. It can impact a patient’s ability to exercise and maintain mobility.
  3. The risk associated with other obesity-related diseases is likely to increase with a delay in weight loss surgery. These may include cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia (abnormal cholesterol levels), and diabetes.

Cost of Bariatric Surgery

The bariatric surgery cost in India ranges between ₹ 2,20,000 to ₹ 6,00,000. The average price of the procedure is ₹ 3,50,000.

Procedure Name Estimated Cost
Bariatric Surgery ₹ 2,20,000 to ₹ 6,00,000

Note: These figures are approximate. Patients are advised to consult HexaHealth experts for the most current expenses. Factors that influence the cost of weight loss surgery include:

  1. Type of Surgery: Different bariatric procedures have varying costs. For example, gastric bypass is costlier than adjustable gastric banding due to its complexity and the technology used.
  2. Surgeon’s Fees: Medical specialists with extensive experience or high success rates in performing weight loss procedures may charge more for their services.
  3. Type of Hospital: The expenses are higher in private facilities than in government centres. Moreover, super-speciality hospitals charge more than small clinics due to the amenities offered.
  4. Location: Costs are higher in metropolitan cities and urban areas based on regional economic factors.
  5. Health Coverage: Insurance that covers bariatric surgery can reduce the financial burden on the patient.

Takeaway

Bariatric surgery offers a life-changing solution for individuals with severe obesity. It provides significant weight loss and improvement in obesity-related health conditions. The procedure requires a commitment to lifelong changes in diet and lifestyle to maintain the benefits.

Knowing bariatric surgery before and after results can help you understand its potential. HexaHealth is dedicated to supporting patients through this process, offering expert guidance, comprehensive care, and personalised support. From initial consultation through surgery and beyond, we ensure you achieve and sustain your health goals.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Bariatric surgery meaning is a medical procedure for individuals with severe obesity. It aims to induce significant weight loss by making changes to the digestive system. The benefits of bariatric surgery includes improvement of obesity-related health conditions and enhances quality of life.

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Bariatric surgery reduces food intake, nutrient absorption, or both. This leads to weight loss and helps manage obesity-related health issues like cardiac disease and diabetes.

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Weight loss surgery is performed by specialised surgeons known as bariatric surgeons. These medical professionals are trained in various surgical procedures like sleeve gastrectomy and gastric bypass.

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The different types of bariatric surgery procedures vary in approach and are suited to different patient needs. These types include: 

  1. Gastric bypass 

  2. Sleeve gastrectomy 

  3. Adjustable gastric banding 

  4. Biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch

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Individuals who need bariatric surgery have a BMI of 40 or higher. It is also recommended for those who have a BMI of 35 or above with serious health issues like diabetes or hypertension. The procedure is considered only for those who have not succeeded with other weight loss methods.

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Most individuals lose about 50% of their excess weight following bariatric surgery. However, results vary by procedure. Gastric bypass typically results in 70% excess weight loss, duodenal switch about 80%, and bariatric sleeve surgery ranges from 30% to 80%.

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Yes, like any other major procedure, the weight loss procedure carries certain short-term and long-term risks. The bariatric surgery side effects include: 

  1. Infection 

  2. Bleeding 

  3. Nutrient deficiencies 

  4. Bowel obstruction

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Recovery involves a hospital stay of 1-3 days, followed by a gradual return to normal activities. Dietary changes start with liquids, progressing to solid foods. Patients receive ongoing nutritional guidance and support. They are also advised to refrain from strenuous activities for six weeks after the procedure.

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Visible results start within the first six months post-surgery. Significant weight loss is typically observed within 12-18 months.

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Some bariatric surgeries, like the gastric band, are reversible. However, procedures like the gastric sleeve and gastric bypass are considered permanent. Reversal or revision surgeries are complex and depend on individual circumstances.

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Bariatric surgery requires significant dietary adjustments. It starts with a liquid diet, progressing to pureed and soft foods, and eventually solid foods. Patients must focus on low-carb foods and often need lifelong vitamin and mineral supplements.

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Yes, committing to lifelong lifestyle changes is an important part of undergoing bariatric surgery. These adjustments include the following: 

  1. Adhering to a nutritious diet 

  2. Engaging in regular physical activity 

  3. Avoiding high-calorie foods and beverages 

  4. Attending follow-up appointments

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The bariatric surgery cost can range from ₹ 2,20,000 to ₹ 6,00,000, depending on the type of procedure, surgeon’s fees, hospital location, etc. However, this price is an estimate. HexaHealth experts can help patients understand the up-to-date expenses based on their condition.

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Gastric bypass surgery involves forming a small stomach pouch connected to the small intestine. In contrast, gastric sleeve surgery removes 80% of the stomach, leaving a smaller, tube-shaped stomach. It does not involve an intestine bypass.

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Pregnancy after bariatric surgery is possible and safe. Weight loss improves fertility and reduces obesity-related complications. However, it is recommended to wait 18-24 months post-surgery to stabilise weight and ensure nutritional adequacy.

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Weight loss procedures are covered by insurance when considered necessary for life-threatening conditions. However, coverage can differ based on the specific plan. To understand the criteria for insurance that covers bariatric surgery, patients should consult HexaHealth experts.

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Bariatric surgery is generally safe. Advances in surgical techniques have reduced complications. However, as with any surgery, there are risks which should be discussed with a surgeon.

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Weight loss surgery is deemed successful when a patient loses 50% of their excess weight and maintains it. The success rate of the procedure is around 90%. This significant weight loss leads to improvements in overall health and quality of life.

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No, bariatric surgery primarily aids in weight loss rather than targeting fat. It limits food intake or nutrient absorption, helping individuals with obesity significantly reduce their overall weight.

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Liposuction and tummy tuck are two surgical techniques focused on fat removal and body contouring. Liposuction removes fat from specific areas like the stomach, hips, neck, etc. A tummy tuck (abdominoplasty) removes excessive skin and fat to tighten abdominal muscles.

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  1. Improved cardiovascular health.
  2. Relief from depression
  3. Joint pain relief
  4. Reduces the risk of miscarriage
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References

All the articles on HexaHealth are supported by verified medically-recognized sources such as; peer-reviewed academic research papers, research institutions, and medical journals. Our medical reviewers also check references of the articles to prioritize accuracy and relevance. Refer to our detailed editorial policy for more information.


  1. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Bariatric Surgery | NIDDK [Internet]. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. 2019.link
  2. Mayo Clinic. Bariatric surgery [Internet]. Mayoclinic.org. 2019.link
  3. How weight loss surgery is done [Internet]. nhs.uk. 2024.link
  4. Bariatric (Weight Loss) Surgery: Types & Requirements [Internet]. Cleveland Clinic.link
  5. 7 Bariatric Surgery Benefits Besides Helping You Lose Weight [Internet]. Cleveland Clinic.link
  6. Endoscopic Options for Weight Loss [Internet]. www.hopkinsmedicine.org.link

Last Updated on: 30 July 2024

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational and learning purposes only. It doesn't cover every medical condition and might not be relevant to your personal situation. This information isn't medical advice, isn't meant for diagnosing any condition, and shouldn't replace talking to a certified medical or healthcare professional.

Reviewer

Dr. Aman Priya Khanna

Dr. Aman Priya Khanna

MBBS, DNB General Surgery, Fellowship in Minimal Access Surgery, FIAGES

12 Years Experience

Dr Aman Priya Khanna is a well-known General Surgeon, Proctologist and Bariatric Surgeon currently associated with HealthFort Clinic, Health First Multispecialty Clinic in Delhi. He has 12 years of experience in General Surgery and worke...View More

Author

Sparshi Srivastava

Sparshi Srivastava

B.Tech Biotechnology (Bansal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Lucknow)

2 Years Experience

An ardent reader, graduated in B.Tech Biotechnology. She was previously associated with medical sciences secondary research and writing. With a keen interest and curiosity-driven approach, she has been able to cont...View More

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