Sebaceous Cyst - Causes, Symptoms, Images and Treatment
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Sebaceous cysts are small, noncancerous lumps that develop beneath the skin. They generally form when the sebaceous gland gets blocked or damaged. They are also known as an epidermoid cysts.
Sebaceous cysts can generally occur anywhere on the body and mainly do not require any treatment as they are slow growing and harmless. Learn more about sebaceous cysts, their representation by pictures, their symptoms, types, causes, diagnosis, prevention, medicine, treatment and more.
Disease Name | Sebaceous cyst |
Alternative Name | Epidermoid cyst |
Symptoms | Redness, Swelling, Tenderness in the area, Thick yellow pus discharge, Foul smell, Warm skin |
Causes | Irritation or injury to the skin, Clogged pores, and Infections. |
Diagnosis | Physical examination, Ultrasound, Punch biopsy, CT scan |
Treated by | Dermatologist |
Treatment options | Excision, Marsupialization |
What is Sebaceous Cyst?
A sebaceous cyst is a small, benign (noncancerous) growth that develops under the skin, typically on the face, neck, or upper body. Following are the characteristics of sebaceous cysts.
- It is filled with a substance called sebum, produced by the sebaceous gland and helps keep the skin moisturised.
- They can range from a few millimetres to several centimetres in diameter and are typically round or oval.
- They are usually firm to the touch and may feel slightly tender if inflamed or infected.
- They are generally noncancerous and do not typically cause symptoms, but they can become inflamed or infected if damaged or ruptured.
Sebaceous Cyst Symptoms
Sebaceous cysts typically do not show any symptoms. However, some people with sebaceous cysts may experience the following signs or symptoms:
- A noticeable round or oval hump on the skin
- A bump that feels firm or slightly tender to the touch
- Redness or swelling around the bump
- Thick yellow pus drainage from the bump that is foul in smell.
Sebaceous Cyst Causes
Sebaceous cysts are prevalent, and their actual cause is still unknown. However, these cysts are known to be formed out of the sebaceous glands that produce sebum. Following are the sebaceous cyst causes.
- Skin Injury: Injuries or cuts to the skin can lead to the development of sebaceous cysts.
- Clogged pores: When the pores in the skin become clogged, it can lead to the development of sebaceous cysts.
- Infections: Infections of the skin, such as acne, can lead to the development of sebaceous cysts.
Sebaceous Cyst Risk Factors
Anyone can develop one or more sebaceous cysts. However, the following factors can increase the risk of developing a sebaceous cyst:
- Genetics: Some people are more prone to developing sebaceous cysts due to inherited traits.
- Hormonal changes: Hormonal changes, such as during puberty or pregnancy, can increase the risk of developing a sebaceous cyst.
- Skin conditions: Certain skin conditions, such as acne or folliculitis, may increase the risk of developing a sebaceous cyst.
- Post-surgery: Surgery that includes an incision can put a person at risk of developing a sebaceous cyst if the incision scar does heal properly.
Prevention of Sebaceous Cyst
Preventing sebaceous cysts from developing is impossible as they generally develop due to blockage in the sebaceous gland or passed down through families and hormonal changes. However, one can reduce the risk of developing sebaceous cysts by undertaking the following measures:
- Protect your skin: Wear protective clothing and sunscreen to prevent sun damage.
- Avoid picking or squeezing pimples or other skin lesions: Doing so can increase the risk of developing a sebaceous cyst or additional skin growth.
- Keep your skin clean: Wash your skin regularly to remove excess oil and dirt that can clog pores and lead to skin issues.
- Avoid harsh or abrasive skin care products: These products can irritate and increase the risk of skin problems.
- Avoid using hair products that contain oils or other ingredients that can clog pores: This can help to prevent the development of sebaceous cysts and other skin issues.
How is Sebaceous Cysts diagnosed?
Sebaceous cysts are typically diagnosed through a physical examination and medical history. To diagnose a sebaceous cyst, a healthcare provider will normally:
- Examine the cyst: The provider will examine the cyst and look for visible signs or symptoms, such as size, shape, and colour.
- Obtain a medical history: The provider will ask about your medical history, including any past skin conditions or treatments and any current symptoms you are experiencing.
- Order imaging tests: In some cases, the provider may order imaging tests, such as an ultrasound or CT scan, to get a better view of the cyst and to rule out other conditions.
- Perform a biopsy: In rare cases, the provider may recommend a punch biopsy, which involves removing a small cyst sample for laboratory testing. This is typically done if the provider is concerned that the cyst may be cancerous or has not responded to other treatment methods.
How to prepare for the doctor's consultation?
It is always a good idea for a patient to prepare before a doctor's consultation. Below is some information a patient can prepare before a doctor's consultation.
- List down the patient's symptoms and how long they have had them.
- List down all the medications and supplements that the patient is consuming.
- The patient must take all the medical records with them during the doctor's appointment.
- The patient must also get an attendant (relative) along with them during the doctor's appointment.
- What caused the sebaceous cyst growth?
- Is sebaceous cyst cancerous?
- Do I need to do any tests?
- Will this lump always be there?
- Can I have the sebaceous cyst removed?
- What's involved in removing the sebaceous cyst? Are there risks?
- Is it likely to return, or will I get another?
- Do you have any brochures or other resources I can have? What websites do you recommend?
Sebaceous Cyst Treatment
There are several treatment options for sebaceous cysts, both surgical and non-surgical. The best treatment option for the patient will rely on how big or small the size and site of the cyst are and any symptoms that the patient may be experiencing.
Sebaceous cyst treatment without Surgery
The doctor may recommend one of the below-mentioned non-surgical treatment methods if the sebaceous cyst is not a significant matter of concern.
- Home remedies for Sebaceous cysts
Home remedies for sebaceous cysts may help reduce swelling, inflammation, and pain associated with the cyst. Some of the home remedies for sebaceous cysts include:
- Warm compress: To lessen discomfort and swelling, apply a warm compress to the cyst daily.
- Tea tree oil: Tea tree oil contains anti-inflammatory and antibacterial qualities, which may help to shrink the cyst.
- Castor oil: Castor oil has anti-inflammatory properties and may help reduce swelling and pain.
It's important to note that home remedies may not be effective in all cases.
2. Ayurvedic Treatment for Sebaceous Cyst
- Some herbal remedies, including turmeric, neem, fenugreek, and other natural substances, can help treat sebaceous cysts.
3. Homoeopathic Medications for Sebaceous Cyst
- Homoeopathic remedies such as Silicea and Hepar Sulphuris Calcareum may be used to treat sebaceous cysts.
4. Allopathic Medication for Sebaceous Cyst
- The healthcare provider may prescribe antibiotics to clear the cyst if the cyst is infected.
Sebaceous Cyst treatment with Surgery
- Incision and Drainage: If the cyst is small and not infected, the provider may drain the cyst by creating a small incision in the skin and pressing on the cyst to remove the contents. This can be done in the provider's office or clinic.
- Excision: The provider will make an incision in the skin and remove the entire cyst and a small margin of surrounding tissue. This procedure is typically done in a surgical setting. Excision of the sebaceous cyst can be done using the following techniques.
- Punch excision: A small, circular tool called a punch biopsy is made to remove the sebaceous cyst. The cyst is typically released in one piece, along with a tiny amount of surrounding tissue.
- Minimal excision: The cyst is removed using a small incision. This procedure is typically used for smaller cysts and can be done under local anaesthesia.
- Conventional wide excision: The cyst is removed using a larger incision. This procedure is typically used for larger cysts or cysts that recurred after previous treatment.
- Laser-aided excision: A laser beam is used to remove a sebaceous cyst in this technique. The laser seals blood vessels and cauterizes the tissue as it cuts, which may reduce bleeding and the risk of infection.
- Marsupialization: The provider will make an incision in the skin and create a small opening in the cyst. The cyst is then sewn open, allowing it to drain. This procedure is typically done in a surgical setting.
Risks and Complications of Sebaceous Cyst
Sebaceous cysts are generally not harmful and do not typically cause serious health problems. However, there are a few risks and complications that may occur with sebaceous cyst treatment.
- Skin Infection: If a sebaceous cyst becomes infected, it may cause fever, pain, and swelling.
- Recurrence: In some cases, a sebaceous cyst may come back after treatment, even if it was removed entirely. This is more likely if the entire cyst and a small margin of surrounding tissue are not removed.
- Scarring: Surgical treatment of a sebaceous cyst may result in scarring at the site of the incision.
- Bleeding: There is a risk of bleeding during and after sebaceous cyst surgery.
- Pain: Some people may experience pain after sebaceous cyst surgery, although this is typically mild and can be managed with pain medication.
- Rupture: A sebaceous cyst can rupture, or burst open, which can cause the contents of the cyst to leak out. This can be painful and may cause additional swelling and inflammation.
- Inflammation: Inflamed sebaceous cysts can result in discomfort, swelling, and redness in the afflicted region. Inflammation may result from an infection or an allergic reaction to the cyst's contents.
- Skin cancer: While rare, a sebaceous cyst can become cancerous. It's essential to have any new or changing cysts evaluated by a healthcare professional to rule out the possibility of cancer.
When to see a doctor?
It is also a good idea to see a doctor if the patient is unsure whether he/she has a sebaceous cyst or a different type of cyst or growth. A doctor can examine the cyst and determine the best course of treatment.
There are some situations in which a patient should see a doctor for a sebaceous cyst:
- If the cyst is causing pain or uneasiness
- If the cyst becomes infected, which may cause redness, swelling, and tenderness
- If the cyst is large and cosmetically bothersome
- If the cyst is located in an area that is prone to irritation, such as the armpit or groin
- If the cyst is proliferating or changing in appearance
Diet for Sebaceous Cyst
While diet is not a direct cause of sebaceous cysts, some studies have suggested that certain dietary factors may be associated with the development of these cysts. Here are some nutritional recommendations for people with sebaceous cysts:
- Eat a balanced diet: A healthy diet that may include a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats that can support overall skin health and may reduce the risk of sebaceous cysts.
- Limit foods high in saturated and trans fats: These fats may increase inflammation and contribute to developing sebaceous cysts. Foods high in saturated and trans fats include fried foods, processed foods, and fast food.
- Avoid or limit alcohol consumption: Heavy alcohol consumption may increase inflammation and the risk of sebaceous cysts.
- Drink plenty of water: Staying hydrated is essential for overall health and may help keep the skin moisturised and healthy.
- Eat foods rich in antioxidants: Antioxidants may help to decrease inflammation and protect the skin from damage. Foods rich in antioxidants include berries, leafy greens, and colourful vegetables.
Takeaway
Sebaceous cysts are not typically severe and do not require treatment in most cases. However, if a cyst becomes infected, it may need to be drained or treated with antibiotics. In some cases, a cyst may need to be surgically removed if it is causing discomfort or other problems.
If you or your loved ones have doubts or experience symptoms associated with the Sebaceous cyst, contact our team of experts at HexaHealth. Our expert team of doctors can consult you and provide you with the proper treatment. Get in touch with us TODAY!
FAQs for Sebaceous Cyst
What is a sebaceous cyst?
A sebaceous cyst is a small, benign cyst that develops in the skin. It is typically filled with a thick, oily substance called sebum and is most often found on the face, scalp, or upper body.
What is a sebaceous cyst filled with?
A sebaceous cyst is typically filled with a thick, oily substance called sebum. Sebaceous glands produce sebum which helps to keep hair and skin moisturised.
Why do people get sebaceous cysts?
A blockage of the sebaceous gland usually causes sebaceous cysts. This blockage can be due to various factors, including scratch, a surgical wound or a skin condition like acne. In some cases, sebaceous cysts may also develop due to infection or inflammation of the sebaceous gland.
What does a sebaceous cyst look like?
A sebaceous cyst looks like a small, round bump. It is usually smooth to the touch and may be tender or painful if infected. It can range from very small (less than an inch in diameter) to quite large (more than an inch in diameter). They may also be skin-coloured, yellow, or white in appearance.
What are the most common sebaceous cyst causes?
The most common causes of the sebaceous cyst are as follows:
- Skin Injury
- Clogged pores
- Infections
What are the sebaceous cyst symptoms?
Some people with sebaceous cysts may experience the following signs or symptoms:
- A noticeable round or oval hump on the skin
- A bump that feels firm or slightly tender to the touch
- Redness or swelling around the bump
- Thick yellow pus drainage from the bump that is foul in smell.
How is a sebaceous cyst diagnosed?
A primary care physician can diagnose sebaceous cysts by physical examination. However, the physician may also order an ultrasound, CT scan or punch biopsy test to diagnose and confirm the presence of the sebaceous cyst.
How serious is a sebaceous cyst?
Sebaceous cysts are generally benign and not considered a severe medical condition. However, they can be uncomfortable or cause cosmetic concerns for some people. In rare cases, a sebaceous cyst may become infected, leading to additional complications.
How can I prevent the sebaceous cyst from developing?
There are a few things you can do to reduce your risk of developing a sebaceous cyst:
- Keep your skin clean and well-moisturized to minimise the risk of irritation
- Avoid squeezing or picking at pimples or other skin blemishes, as this can lead to the development of a sebaceous cyst
- Avoid using harsh or irritating skin care products
- Wear loose, comfortable clothing to reduce friction on the skin
- Avoid using tight headbands or other hair accessories that may irritate the scalp
Is sebaceous cyst curable?
Sebaceous cysts are benign and not considered a severe medical ailment, although, for some people, they might be painful or raise aesthetic issues. Sebaceous cysts are often effectively treated. Treatment options may include surgical removal, drainage of the cyst, or medication to help reduce swelling and discomfort.
Does the sebaceous cyst go away?
Sebaceous cysts are usually slow-growing and may go away on their own. However, if the cyst grows, treatment would be necessary to remove and prevent it from returning. Treatment options may include surgical removal, drainage of the cyst, or medication to help reduce swelling and discomfort.
How can I treat an infected sebaceous cyst?
If you suspect an infected sebaceous cyst, you must speak with a healthcare provider as soon as possible. Treatment options may include:
- Antibiotics
- Drainage
- Surgical removal
- Excision
- Marsupialization
Is it OK to squeeze a sebaceous cyst?
It is generally not recommended to squeeze a sebaceous cyst. Squeezing or picking at a sebaceous cyst can cause it to become inflamed or infected and may lead to complications such as scarring or the formation of a deeper cyst.
Is there a natural way to eliminate a sebaceous cyst?
There is no sure way to eliminate a sebaceous cyst using natural remedies. While some people may find relief from symptoms using natural remedies such as warm compresses or tea tree oil, these treatments are not likely to entirely remove the cyst.
What happens if a sebaceous cyst is left untreated?
If a sebaceous cyst is left untreated, it may continue to grow and become more painful or uncomfortable. In rare cases, a sebaceous cyst may become infected, leading to additional complications such as redness, swelling, and warmth around the cyst.
When should I be worried about a sebaceous cyst?
It is generally not necessary to be worried about a sebaceous cyst, as they are usually benign and not considered severe medical conditions.
- Pain or discomfort from the cyst
- A sudden increase in size or tenderness of the cyst
- Redness, warmth, or swelling around the cyst
- Discharge or drainage from the cyst
- Fever or other signs of infection
How do you treat a sebaceous cyst without surgery?
There are several treatment options for a sebaceous cyst that do not require surgery:
- Medication, including antibiotics
- Warm compresses
- Home remedies like castor oil or tea tree oil
What is the best sebaceous cyst treatment?
The best treatment for a sebaceous cyst depends on the cyst's location, size and severity of the cyst. Treatment options may include:
- Surgical removal - Excision
- Incision and drainage
How do you stop a sebaceous cyst from growing?
The best way to stop the growth of a sebaceous cyst is to have it treated by a healthcare provider. Treatment options may include surgical removal, incision, and cyst drainage. In most cases, these treatments effectively stop the cyst from growing and prevent it from returning.
How serious is an infected sebaceous cyst?
While an infected sebaceous cyst is not usually considered a serious medical condition, it can cause discomfort or pain and may require treatment to resolve the infection. An infected sebaceous cyst may lead to more severe complications, such as abscesses or cellulitis.
What are the myths versus facts about sebaceous cysts?
- Myth: Sebaceous cysts are cancerous.
Fact: Sebaceous cysts are benign and are not cancerous. They do not spread to other parts of the body or cause cancer. - Myth: Sebaceous cysts are contagious.
Fact: Sebaceous cysts are not contagious and cannot be transmitted from one person to another. - Myth: Sebaceous cysts should be squeezed or popped.
Fact: Sebaceous cysts should not be squeezed or popped, as this can cause the cyst to become infected or rupture. If a sebaceous cyst becomes painful or inflamed, it should be examined by a healthcare provider. - Myth: Sebaceous cysts cannot be treated.
Fact: Sebaceous cysts can be treated by a healthcare provider. Treatment may involve draining the cyst or removing it surgically. In some cases, sebaceous cysts may resolve on their own without treatment.
Updated on : 9 February 2023
Reviewer
Dr. Aman Priya Khanna
MBBS, DNB General Surgery, Fellowship in Minimal Access Surgery, FIAGES
12 Years Experience
Dr Aman Priya Khanna is a well-known General Surgeon, Proctologist and Bariatric Surgeon currently associated with HealthFort Clinic, Health First Multispecialty Clinic in Delhi. He has 12 years of experience in General Surgery and worke...View More
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