Sebaceous Cyst - Causes, Symptoms, Images and Treatment

A sebaceous cyst is a small, benign (noncancerous) growth that develops under the skin, typically on the face, neck, or upper body. Following are the characteristics of sebaceous cysts.

1. It is filled with a substance called sebum, produced by the sebaceous gland and helps keep the skin moisturised. 
2. They can range from a few millimetres to several centimetres in diameter and are typically round or oval. 
3. They are usually firm to the touch and may feel slightly tender if inflamed or infected. 
4. They are generally noncancerous and do not typically cause symptoms, but they can become inflamed or infected if damaged or ruptured. 

Sebaceous cysts typically do not show any symptoms. However, some people with sebaceous cysts may experience the following signs or symptoms:

1. A noticeable round or oval hump on the skin
2. A bump that feels firm or slightly tender to the touch
3. Redness or swelling around the bump
4. Thick yellow pus drainage from the bump that is foul in smell.

Sebaceous cysts are prevalent, and their actual cause is still unknown. However, these cysts are known to be formed out of the sebaceous glands that produce sebum. Following are the sebaceous cyst causes.

1. Skin Injury: Injuries or cuts to the skin can lead to the development of sebaceous cysts.
2. Clogged pores: When the pores in the skin become clogged, it can lead to the development of sebaceous cysts.
3. Infections: Infections of the skin, such as acne, can lead to the development of sebaceous cysts.

Anyone can develop one or more sebaceous cysts. However, the following factors can increase the risk of developing a sebaceous cyst:

1. Genetics: Some people are more prone to developing sebaceous cysts due to inherited traits.
2. Hormonal changes: Hormonal changes, such as during puberty or pregnancy, can increase the risk of developing a sebaceous cyst.
3. Skin conditions: Certain skin conditions, such as acne or folliculitis, may increase the risk of developing a sebaceous cyst.
4. Post-surgery: Surgery that includes an incision can put a person at risk of developing a sebaceous cyst if the incision scar does heal properly.

Preventing sebaceous cysts from developing is impossible as they generally develop due to blockage in the sebaceous gland or passed down through families and hormonal changes. However, one can reduce the risk of developing sebaceous cysts by undertaking the following measures:

1. Protect your skin: Wear protective clothing and sunscreen to prevent sun damage.
2. Avoid picking or squeezing pimples or other skin lesions: Doing so can increase the risk of developing a sebaceous cyst or additional skin growth.
3. Keep your skin clean: Wash your skin regularly to remove excess oil and dirt that can clog pores and lead to skin issues.
4. Avoid harsh or abrasive skin care products: These products can irritate and increase the risk of skin problems.
5. Avoid using hair products that contain oils or other ingredients that can clog pores: This can help to prevent the development of sebaceous cysts and other skin issues.

Sebaceous cysts are typically diagnosed through a physical examination and medical history. To diagnose a sebaceous cyst, a healthcare provider will normally:

1. Examine the cyst: The provider will examine the cyst and look for visible signs or symptoms, such as size, shape, and colour.
2. Obtain a medical history: The provider will ask about your medical history, including any past skin conditions or treatments and any current symptoms you are experiencing.
3. Order imaging tests: In some cases, the provider may order imaging tests, such as an ultrasound or CT scan, to get a better view of the cyst and to rule out other conditions.
4. Perform a biopsy: In rare cases, the provider may recommend a punch biopsy, which involves removing a small cyst sample for laboratory testing. This is typically done if the provider is concerned that the cyst may be cancerous or has not responded to other treatment methods.

How to prepare for the doctor's consultation?

It is always a good idea for a patient to prepare before a doctor's consultation. Below is some information a patient can prepare before a doctor's consultation.

1. List down the patient's symptoms and how long they have had them.
2. List down all the medications and supplements that the patient is consuming.
3. The patient must take all the medical records with them during the doctor's appointment.
4. The patient must also get an attendant (relative) along with them during the doctor's appointment.

The patient can ask the following set of questions:

1. What caused the sebaceous cyst growth?
2. Is sebaceous cyst cancerous?
3. Do I need to do any tests?
4. Will this lump always be there?
5. Can I have the sebaceous cyst removed?
6. What's involved in removing the sebaceous cyst? Are there risks?
7. Is it likely to return, or will I get another?
8. Do you have any brochures or other resources I can have? What websites do you recommend?

There are several treatment options for sebaceous cysts, both surgical and non-surgical. The best treatment option for the patient will rely on how big or small the size and site of the cyst are and any symptoms that the patient may be experiencing.

Sebaceous cyst treatment without Surgery

The doctor may recommend one of the below-mentioned non-surgical treatment methods if the sebaceous cyst is not a significant matter of concern.

1. Home remedies for Sebaceous cysts

Home remedies for sebaceous cysts may help reduce swelling, inflammation, and pain associated with the cyst. Some of the home remedies for sebaceous cysts include:

1. Warm compress: To lessen discomfort and swelling, apply a warm compress to the cyst daily.
2. Tea tree oil: Tea tree oil contains anti-inflammatory and antibacterial qualities, which may help to shrink the cyst.
3. Castor oil: Castor oil has anti-inflammatory properties and may help reduce swelling and pain.

It's important to note that home remedies may not be effective in all cases. 

      2. Ayurvedic Treatment for Sebaceous Cyst

1. Some herbal remedies, including turmeric, neem, fenugreek, and other natural substances, can help treat sebaceous cysts.

      3. Homoeopathic Medications for Sebaceous Cyst

1. Homoeopathic remedies such as Silicea and Hepar Sulphuris Calcareum may be used to treat sebaceous cysts.

      4. Allopathic Medication for Sebaceous Cyst

1. The healthcare provider may prescribe antibiotics to clear the cyst if the cyst is infected.

Sebaceous Cyst treatment with Surgery

1. Incision and Drainage: If the cyst is small and not infected, the provider may drain the cyst by creating a small incision in the skin and pressing on the cyst to remove the contents. This can be done in the provider's office or clinic.
2. Excision: The provider will make an incision in the skin and remove the entire cyst and a small margin of surrounding tissue. This procedure is typically done in a surgical setting. Excision of the sebaceous cyst can be done using the following techniques. 
   1. Punch excision: A small, circular tool called a punch biopsy is made to remove the sebaceous cyst. The cyst is typically released in one piece, along with a tiny amount of surrounding tissue.
   2. Minimal excision: The cyst is removed using a small incision. This procedure is typically used for smaller cysts and can be done under local anaesthesia.
   3. Conventional wide excision: The cyst is removed using a larger incision. This procedure is typically used for larger cysts or cysts that recurred after previous treatment.
   4. Laser-aided excision: A laser beam is used to remove a sebaceous cyst in this technique. The laser seals blood vessels and cauterizes the tissue as it cuts, which may reduce bleeding and the risk of infection.
3. Marsupialization: The provider will make an incision in the skin and create a small opening in the cyst. The cyst is then sewn open, allowing it to drain. This procedure is typically done in a surgical setting.

Sebaceous cysts are generally not harmful and do not typically cause serious health problems. However, there are a few risks and complications that may occur with sebaceous cyst treatment.

1. Skin Infection: If a sebaceous cyst becomes infected, it may cause fever, pain, and swelling. 
2. Recurrence: In some cases, a sebaceous cyst may come back after treatment, even if it was removed entirely. This is more likely if the entire cyst and a small margin of surrounding tissue are not removed.
3. Scarring: Surgical treatment of a sebaceous cyst may result in scarring at the site of the incision.
4. Bleeding: There is a risk of bleeding during and after sebaceous cyst surgery.
5. Pain: Some people may experience pain after sebaceous cyst surgery, although this is typically mild and can be managed with pain medication.
6. Rupture: A sebaceous cyst can rupture, or burst open, which can cause the contents of the cyst to leak out. This can be painful and may cause additional swelling and inflammation.
7. Inflammation: Inflamed sebaceous cysts can result in discomfort, swelling, and redness in the afflicted region. Inflammation may result from an infection or an allergic reaction to the cyst's contents.
8. Skin cancer: While rare, a sebaceous cyst can become cancerous. It's essential to have any new or changing cysts evaluated by a healthcare professional to rule out the possibility of cancer.

When to see a doctor?

It is also a good idea to see a doctor if the patient is unsure whether he/she has a sebaceous cyst or a different type of cyst or growth. A doctor can examine the cyst and determine the best course of treatment.

There are some situations in which a patient should see a doctor for a sebaceous cyst:

1. If the cyst is causing pain or uneasiness
2. If the cyst becomes infected, which may cause redness, swelling, and tenderness
3. If the cyst is large and cosmetically bothersome
4. If the cyst is located in an area that is prone to irritation, such as the armpit or groin
5. If the cyst is proliferating or changing in appearance

While diet is not a direct cause of sebaceous cysts, some studies have suggested that certain dietary factors may be associated with the development of these cysts. Here are some nutritional recommendations for people with sebaceous cysts:

1. Eat a balanced diet: A healthy diet that may include a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats that can support overall skin health and may reduce the risk of sebaceous cysts.
2. Limit foods high in saturated and trans fats: These fats may increase inflammation and contribute to developing sebaceous cysts. Foods high in saturated and trans fats include fried foods, processed foods, and fast food.
3. Avoid or limit alcohol consumption: Heavy alcohol consumption may increase inflammation and the risk of sebaceous cysts.
4. Drink plenty of water: Staying hydrated is essential for overall health and may help keep the skin moisturised and healthy.
5. Eat foods rich in antioxidants: Antioxidants may help to decrease inflammation and protect the skin from damage. Foods rich in antioxidants include berries, leafy greens, and colourful vegetables.

Sebaceous cysts are not typically severe and do not require treatment in most cases. However, if a cyst becomes infected, it may need to be drained or treated with antibiotics. In some cases, a cyst may need to be surgically removed if it is causing discomfort or other problems. 

If you or your loved ones have doubts or experience symptoms associated with the Sebaceous cyst, contact our team of experts at HexaHealth. Our expert team of doctors can consult you and provide you with the proper treatment. Get in touch with us TODAY!