Hemifacial Spasm (HFS) - Symptoms, Causes and Treatment
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Hemifacial Spasm also known as Face Twitching is a neurological condition that causes non-painful, uncontrollable twitching on either side of the face. It usually starts with twitching around one eye and then spreads to your mouth. Lip muscle spasms are a common term for hemifacial spasms.
A blood artery pushing on a facial nerve is the most common reason for these spasms. A tumour or facial nerve damage might also cause them. Although the ailment is not life-threatening, it can harm one's quality of life.
Disease Name | Hemifacial spasm |
Alternative Name | Face Twitching |
Symptoms | Initiated in the lower eyelid and might spread to the cheeks and mouth, Mouth may be dragged to one side, Constant twitching |
Causes |
Pressure on the facial nerve, Facial nerve damage or a tumour, Anxiety, Stress, Fatigue, Parkinson's disease, Multiple Sclerosis, Bell's palsy, Caffeine intoxication |
Diagnosis | Physical analysis to check for muscle spasms, Magnetic resonance imaging etc. |
Treated by |
Neurosurgeon |
Treatment options | Oral Medications, Botox injections, Surgery |
Symptoms of Hemifacial Spasm
The initial symptoms of hemifacial spasm include twitching or contracting facial muscles, which are typically uncontrollable, painless, and affect a single side of your face.
- It is initiated in the lower eyelid and might spread to the cheeks and mouth.
- The spasms may ultimately impact all muscles solely on either part of your face, leading it to twitch uncontrollably. Your mouth may be dragged to one side due to the spasms.
Causes of Hemifacial Spasm
The leading cause, according to doctors, is pressure on the facial nerve caused by a structure or anomaly in the brain.
A blood artery pushing on the facial nerve near where it leaves the brainstem is the most common cause of hemifacial spasms. In some situations, hemifacial spasms can be induced by facial nerve damage or a tumour. Facial nerves govern facial muscle movement, and pressure from a blood vessel or a tumour on the nerve causes messages to be transmitted to the nerve that isn't provided by the brain. Involuntary muscle twitching in the lips and face is caused by these impulses.
Other aspects that trigger spasms are:
- Anxiety
- Stress
- Fatigue
- Parkinson's disease
- Multiple sclerosis
- Bell's palsy
- Caffeine intoxication
- Moving a muscle in the face
However, there are situations when there is no apparent cause, and doctors term the ailment as idiopathic hemifacial spasms.
Risk Factors of Hemifacial Spasm
Hemifacial spasms are a rare neurological disorder. The risk factors for people who are more prone to this condition are:
- Gender: Although both men and women can get hemifacial spasms, women are prone to the disorder to a greater extent.
- Age: People between the age of 40 – and 79 years.
- Geographical factor: The condition is more common among Asians.
Prevention of Hemifacial Spasm
Although there is no standard measure to prevent hemifacial spasms, a few common recommendations to minimize symptoms by doctors include:
- Reducing caffeine intake and other stimulants
- Reducing stress
- Managing anxiety
- Avoiding fatigue
Diagnosis of Hemifacial Spasm
Initially, your physician will perform a physical analysis and check for lip muscle spasms.
Your physician will suggest imaging tests such as Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to create comprehensive images of your skull using a magnetic field and radio waves to diagnose the source of your hemifacial spasm. In addition, your physician may use a contrast dye to search for any aberrant blood vessels irritating the facial nerve (magnetic resonance angiography).
How to prepare for Doctor's Consultation?
Before visiting your doctor, make a list of questions that might help you understand your condition better.
The questions could be:
- What is the cause of my condition?
- What will be the mode of treatment for my condition?
- Will the medications react with any of my ongoing medications?
- Should I modify my dietary habits?
- Are there any side effects of the prescribed treatment?
Updated on : 18 November 2022
Reviewer
Dr. Aman Priya Khanna
MBBS, DNB General Surgery, Fellowship in Minimal Access Surgery, FIAGES
12 Years Experience
Dr Aman Priya Khanna is a well-known General Surgeon, Proctologist and Bariatric Surgeon currently associated with HealthFort Clinic, Health First Multispecialty Clinic in Delhi. He has 12 years of experience in General Surgery and worke...View More
Author
Sparshi Srivastava
B.Tech Biotechnology (Bansal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Lucknow)
2 Years Experience
An ardent reader, graduated in B.Tech Biotechnology. She was previously associated with medical sciences secondary research and writing. With a keen interest and curiosity-driven approach, she has been able to cont...View More
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