Urine Albumin Test: Normal Range, Price, Procedure, Strips

Detecting albumin in urine can indicate kidney disease. The urine albumin test is primarily used to identify albuminuria. It has been found to predict the risk of coronary artery disease and cardiovascular health.

Early diagnosis can prevent the worsening of the condition. Read about the urine albumin test to know more about it.

The urine albumin test assesses the presence of a protein known as albumin in the urine. Normally, albumin is present in the bloodstream and filtered by the kidneys. When the kidneys function properly, only a minuscule amount of albumin is detectable in the urine. 

However, in cases of kidney damage, there is an abnormal increase in albumin leakage into the urine, a condition termed albuminuria. When the albumin levels are slightly elevated but still abnormal, it is called microalbuminuria.

Albuminuria is linked to kidney damage resulting from diabetes. Other conditions, including high blood pressure, heart failure, cirrhosis, and lupus, can also be the reason for this condition. 

If early-stage kidney damage remains untreated, larger quantities of albumin may be excreted in the urine. This heightened albumin secretion signals the presence of severe kidney damage, which can ultimately progress to chronic kidney disease.

A urine albumin test is included as an annual physical examination to identify health issues proactively. It is advised for the following:

1. Chronic Disease: Patients with chronic conditions like diabetes or hypertension should undergo regular urine albumin tests. Elevated protein levels may signal kidney damage, even without noticeable symptoms.

2. Diabetes and Hypertension: Individuals with diabetes or hypertension should take albumin testing rather than total urine protein. The reason is that albuminuria is a sensitive marker for kidney disease in these cases.

3. Pregnancy: Women at high risk of preeclampsia should consider urine protein tests to monitor their kidney function during pregnancy.

4. Children: Minors with elevated urine protein levels may require a protein-to-creatinine ratio test to assess their kidney health.

The urine albumin test allows for the screening of kidney problems. Identifying kidney damage in its early stages can prevent more severe kidney disease progression. The benefits of the test are:

1. Simple and Non-Invasive: The test is simple and non-invasive, involving only a urine sample, making it easy to undergo.

2. Affordability: It is an affordable test, ensuring access to kidney health monitoring for many individuals.

3. No Health Risks: The test has no known health risks or side effects.

4. No Aftercare: There is no aftercare required after the test as the urine is excreted out of the system.

Three different tests are accessible to assess urine Albumin-Creatinine Ratio (uACR). The types are:

1. Quantitative Urine Albumin-Creatinine Ratio Test: It is considered the gold standard test. This measures the precise amount of albumin and creatinine in a single urine sample, providing a numerical result.
   It is commonly used as the initial test for those at high risk of kidney disease and requires only one "spot" urine sample. It differs from routine urinalysis using dipstick methods.

2. Urinalysis (Urine Dipstick Test): In this test, a special strip is placed in the urine sample, changing colour to indicate the presence of albumin and creatinine. Some strips may only test for one of these substances.
   Instead of providing exact numbers, doctors compare the colour changes to a reference chart to estimate the levels. Like the quantitative uACR test, this method uses a single "spot" urine sample.
   

3. 24-Hour Urine Collection: A container is provided to collect all urine produced over 24 hours for this test. The filled container is then analysed.
   While it can be the most accurate method when performed correctly, it is less convenient. It is used as a follow-up option when abnormal results are detected using other testing methods.

Consult with the doctor regarding any specific preparation requirements for the test. The preparations include:

1. Timing of Sample: While not mandatory, for tests using a "spot" urine sample, it's preferable to collect the sample early in the morning, ideally after at least 4 hours without using the bathroom. Adequate water intake is required the day before the test to prevent dehydration. It ensures the ability to provide a urine sample during the appointment.

2. Dietary Consideration: Some individuals may be instructed to abstain from consuming meat the day before the test. Eating meat could elevate creatinine levels in the urine, which might impact the test results.

3. Avoid Intense Exercise: Individuals should refrain from vigorous exercise iniont the 24 hours leading up to the test as it may temporarily elevate the uACR.

4. Events to Be Cautious About: If any of the following events occur 24 hours before the test, individuals should consider rescheduling. It can interfere with the test and yield false positive results:

1. Fever
2. Infection
3. Menstrual Bleeding

Instructions for the procedure may differ depending on the testing centre. It can take 2-3 minutes. To conduct a urine albumin test, individuals should follow these steps using the "clean catch" method:

1. Hand Washing: Begin by washing the hands thoroughly with soap and water.

2. Genital Area Cleansing: Use a cleansing wipe to clean the genital area carefully.

3. Initial Urination: Start urinating into the toilet for a few seconds and then pause the flow.

4. Collecting Sample: Resume urination, but this time, direct the stream into the provided container. Ensure that the inside of the container does not come into contact with your body.

5. Sample Volume: Aim to collect at least 30-60 mL of urine in the container. Most containers have markings to guide you on the required amount and when to stop.

6. Completion: Finish urinating into the toilet once you have collected the necessary sample.

7. Container Sealing: Cap the container securely and follow the instructions provided. Return it to the laboratory staff as directed.

The report time of urine albumin results is within 24 hours. The timings can differ from lab to lab. 

Interpretation of High Levels of Urine Albumin

The albumin creatinine levels will be measured in mg/g. A lower value is preferable in this test, ideally below 30. The interpretations include:

1. Lower than 30 mg/g

1. A uACR within this range is deemed normal.

2. It indicates the lowest risk of kidney failure or experiencing a cardiovascular event like a heart attack or stroke due to albuminuria.

3. It is recommended to retake the test within 3 to 6 months to verify the accuracy of the results.
   

2. 30 to 299 mg/g 

1. A uACR in this range is considered “moderately increased”. 

2. The test will be conducted within 3 to 6 months to confirm accurate results.

3. A confirmed result in this range puts one at a higher risk of kidney failure, a heart attack or stroke. 

4. A confirmed result in this range twice in 6 months may mean a kidney disease (even if the eGFR is above 60).
   

3. 300 mg/g or higher:

1. A uACR within this range is categorised as "severely increased."

2. If this range is obtained for the first time, there is typically a suggestion to redo the test within 3 to 6 months for result confirmation.

3. A confirmed result within this range signifies a significantly elevated risk of kidney failure or experiencing a cardiovascular event like a heart attack or stroke.

The doctor will determine the test frequency. It can range from once a year to as many as four times annually, depending on the health condition. Following a urine albumin test, the treatment plan may involve:

1. Lifestyle Changes: Adopt a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet, regular exercise, and weight management.

2. Medication: Depending on the cause and severity, medication may be prescribed to reduce albumin levels.

3. Blood Pressure Control: Maintain optimal blood pressure levels through medication or lifestyle modifications.

4. Diabetes Management: If applicable, manage diabetes effectively with medication, insulin, or dietary changes.

5. Cardiovascular Risk Reduction: Implement measures to lower the risk of heart disease, such as cholesterol management and smoking cessation.

6. Preventive Measures: Take preventative steps to reduce the risk of kidney disease and cardiovascular complications.

The cost of a urine albumin test in India can range from ₹ 200 to ₹ 600. The factors that affect are:

1. Diagnostic Center: The cost can differ based on factors such as the reputation of the facility. Generally, private diagnostic centres may have higher costs than government-run laboratories.
   

2. Geographical Location: The cost of healthcare services, including diagnostic tests, can vary across different regions in India. Metropolitan cities or urban areas might have higher costs compared to rural areas.
   

3. Insurance Coverage: If the individual has health insurance, the cost of the urine albumin test can be partially or fully covered by the insurance provider, depending on the policy terms and coverage.
   

4. Additional Services: If additional services are required, such as home collection of the urine sample or expedited processing, it may result in additional charges.

Urine albumin creatinine ratio normal range helps assess kidney health. Regularly monitoring albumin levels through routine urine tests enables individuals to track their kidney function.

By staying informed and proactive, we can prioritise kidney health and work towards preventing complications associated with albuminuria. Our experts at HexaHealth can help you better understand the test procedure and get started with it easily. 

Connect with us to learn more!

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