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The medicines injected into the eye stop the growth of new blood vessels. These new blood vessels are bad because they grow abnormally and bleed into the eye. In some retinal diseases, blood vessel growth is controlled by a growth factor called VEGF. Anti-VEGF medicines interrupt this process, which should slow the growth and any associated swelling.
An intravitreal injection uses a fine needle to administer medicine directly into the back of the eye, called the vitreous cavity, which is filled with a jelly-like fluid called the vitreous humour gel. A trained retina specialist usually performs the procedure.